Contain chlorophyll concentrated in the palisafe cells in uppermost half of leaf to absorb as much sunlight as possible.

Pores to allow movement of gases (transpiration) in and out of leaf.

A transparent layer to allow as much light as possible to reach photosynthesising cells within leaf.

This tissue contains large air spaces to reduce distance for carbon dioxide to diffuse and to increase the surface area to volume ratio to allow for efficient gas exchange.

Transports water and mineral salts

Transports sucrose

Forms veins in stem and leaf. Its thick cell walls also help to support stem and leaf.

A waterproof barrier to prevent excessive evaporation through the hot upper surface of the leaf.